Tabla de contenido:
- ¿Cuáles son los beneficios de la hierba de San Juan?
- 1. Puede ayudar a tratar la depresión
- 2. Puede controlar los síntomas de la menopausia
- 3. Puede ayudar a curar heridas
- 4. Puede tratar el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH)
- 5. Puede tratar el trastorno de ansiedad
- 6. Puede tratar la dermatitis atópica
- 7. Puede tratar los trastornos somatomorfos
- 8. Puede reducir el riesgo de cáncer
- 9. Puede tratar la congestión de los senos nasales
- 10. May Lower Blood Pressure
- Insufficient evidence to rate effectiveness for
- What Are The Potential Side Effects Of St. John’s Wort?
- Possible Drug Interactions
- Conclusion
- Expert’s Answers for Readers Questions
- 61 fuentes
La hierba de San Juan se conoce científicamente como Hypericum perforatum. Es una planta con flores originaria de Europa. Se ha utilizado en la medicina popular durante siglos para tratar muchas dolencias. Los extractos de St. John's Wort contienen ingredientes activos como hipericina e hiperforina. Se dice que la planta posee propiedades antiinflamatorias, antimicrobianas, antioxidantes y anticancerígenas. Este medicamento a base de hierbas puede ayudar a tratar la depresión, controlar los síntomas de la menopausia, curar heridas, mejorar el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) y tratar el trastorno de ansiedad.
En este artículo, analizaremos los beneficios para la salud, la dosis y los posibles efectos secundarios de la hierba de San Juan. Sigue leyendo.
¿Cuáles son los beneficios de la hierba de San Juan?
1. Puede ayudar a tratar la depresión
La hierba de San Juan puede ayudar a tratar la depresión. Generalmente, se utilizan medicamentos como los antidepresivos para tratar este problema psicológico. Los antidepresivos suelen tener otros efectos secundarios. Se dice que la hierba de San Juan posee algunos ingredientes activos como hiperforina, adhiperforina e hipericina que pueden aumentar los niveles de mensajeros químicos en el cerebro (1).
Un estudio indicó que los participantes que tomaron St. John's Wort eran mucho menos propensos a experimentar eventos adversos que aquellos que usaban antidepresivos (2). Además, el uso de St. John's Wort reduce los síntomas de la depresión en un grado similar al de los antidepresivos (3).
Otro estudio realizado por la Universidad de Queensland apoyó el uso de la hierba de San Juan en el tratamiento de la depresión leve (4). Una revisión de 29 estudios internacionales sugiere que la hierba de San Juan puede ser mejor que un placebo y tan eficaz como los diferentes antidepresivos recetados estándar que se utilizan para tratar la depresión (5).
2. Puede controlar los síntomas de la menopausia
El extracto de hierba de San Juan se puede utilizar para aliviar los síntomas psicológicos y vegetativos de la menopausia. Podría mejorar la calidad de vida y los sofocos en las mujeres perimenopáusicas. Se necesitan más ensayos clínicos más amplios para comprender mejor este mecanismo (6).
En otro estudio, 111 mujeres suplementadas con 900 mg de hierba de San Juan al día durante 12 semanas mostraron mejoras en sus síntomas de la menopausia (7). Otro estudio afirma que la planta se puede utilizar como un tratamiento eficaz para los síntomas vasomotores de las mujeres perimenopáusicas o posmenopáusicas (8).
Además, los extractos de St. John's Wort y su combinación con hierbas han mostrado menos efectos secundarios en mujeres posmenopáusicas (9). El tratamiento diario con hierba de San Juan fue más eficaz para el tratamiento del síndrome premenstrual (SPM) (10).
3. Puede ayudar a curar heridas
La hierba de San Juan se utiliza tradicionalmente para tratar heridas y quemaduras (11), (12). Los extractos de esta hierba también se han utilizado como remedio popular para promover la cicatrización de heridas en la piel (13). La hierba de San Juan también resultó en una respuesta inflamatoria más rápida y ayudó a curar las heridas quirúrgicas de los diabéticos (14).
Se descubrió que este medicamento a base de hierbas y su metabolito (hiperforina) ayudan en el tratamiento de trastornos inflamatorios de la piel (15). Se descubrió que la hierba de San Juan trata las heridas como resultado de la síntesis de colágeno y la migración de fibroblastos (16).
4. Puede tratar el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH)
La hierba de San Juan puede ayudar a tratar el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). Un estudio realizado por el Hospital Regional de Bozen, Bolzano, encontró que la hierba de San Juan mostró una leve mejoría en las puntuaciones medias de los factores de hiperactividad e inmadurez de los pacientes (17).
Sin embargo, un estudio que utilizó extracto de hierba de San Juan para tratar a niños y adolescentes con TDAH no mejoró sus síntomas (18). Por lo tanto, se requieren más investigaciones a largo plazo para comprender mejor este beneficio de la hierba de San Juan.
5. Puede tratar el trastorno de ansiedad
St. John's Wort posee algunas propiedades terapéuticas beneficiosas que pueden ayudar a tratar el trastorno de ansiedad. La planta tiene propiedades antidepresivas que se utilizan en el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) con ansiedad comórbida (19). Un estudio realizado por la Western Illinois University en ratones encontró que la hierba de San Juan ayudó en el tratamiento del trastorno de estrés postraumático (que incluye el trastorno de ansiedad) (20).
Sin embargo, se justifica más investigación a este respecto.
6. Puede tratar la dermatitis atópica
La hiperforina, un componente principal de la hierba de San Juan, tiene un efecto antiinflamatorio. La aplicación tópica de la crema St. John's Wort puede ayudar en el tratamiento de la dermatitis atópica (21).
Los componentes de la planta, como la hiperforina y la hipericina, poseen propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias, anticancerígenas y antimicrobianas que podrían ayudar a tratar la dermatitis atópica (22). Además, la hipericina es un fotosensibilizador que se puede utilizar para el tratamiento selectivo del cáncer de piel no melanoma (22).
Se necesita más investigación a este respecto.
7. Puede tratar los trastornos somatomorfos
Los trastornos somatomorfos son trastornos mentales que se manifiestan como lesiones físicas. Los estudios iniciales han demostrado que la hierba de San Juan puede poseer cierta eficacia en pacientes con trastornos somatomorfos (23). En otro estudio, la administración diaria de 600 mg de extracto de hierba de San Juan fue eficaz en el tratamiento de los trastornos somatomorfos (24).
8. Puede reducir el riesgo de cáncer
La hiperforina y sus derivados (como la aristoforina) son productos naturales de la hierba de San Juan que tienen varias propiedades farmacológicas. Se dice que la hiperforina es un potente agente contra el cáncer (25). Se dice que la línea de germoplasma rica en melatonina de la hierba de San Juan posee propiedades antioxidantes. Ayudan a inhibir el crecimiento de células cancerosas (26).
La hiperforina también promueve la muerte celular programada de varias células cancerosas e inhibe su capacidad para migrar (27), (28). La hiperforina y sus derivados ocupan una posición destacada como medicamentos contra el cáncer por su naturaleza poco tóxica y propiedades antitumorales (29). Un estudio indicó que la hiperforina podría inducir la muerte de las células cancerosas en el caso de la leucemia (30), (31).
9. Puede tratar la congestión de los senos nasales
Some studies suggest that St. John’s Wort may work against sinusitis and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) (32). St. John’s Wort has antibiotic and antiviral properties that may help relieve phlegm congestion, sinus infection, flu, and bronchitis symptoms. However, further research is needed to understand this benefit of St. John’s Wort in humans.
10. May Lower Blood Pressure
St. John’s Wort has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may help lower blood pressure. Some anecdotal evidence suggests that this medicinal herb minimizes inflammation in the cardiovascular system and decreases stress on the heart. However, more research is warranted in this regard.
Insufficient evidence to rate effectiveness for
St. John’s Wort has a long history of use in folk medicine for treating a diverse range of disorders that include inflammation, wounds, bacterial and viral infections, peptic ulcers, and respiratory impairments (33). St. John’s Wort is said to possess analgesic and antinociceptive properties that help in the management of pain (34). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disorder that is characterized by axonal injury and inflammation. St. John’s Wort is said to possess anti-inflammatory properties that help treat multiple sclerosis (MS) (35).
The strong anti-inflammatory properties of St. John’s Wort make it an ideal solution for severe joint pains, gout, and muscle spasms. The ethyl acetate extract of St. John’s Wort could show antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats (36). Animal studies state that St. John’s Wort has hepatoprotective effects that could help treat hepatic ischemia in rats (37). St. John’s Wort may help fight against diabetes. The administration of its extracts (125 and 250 mg/kg) induced a significant decrease in high blood glucose levels in diabetic rats (38).
Following are some of the purported benefits of St. John’s Wort that have insufficient evidence:
- Brain tumor (glioma) John’s Wort may help treat glioma through intravenous injection (39). However, insufficient data is available to prove this claim.
- Herpes
Recent studies have shown that St. John’s Wort contains certain antiviral properties. This herb is believed to be helpful in the treatment of herpes, AIDS, hepatitis B, and several other serious viral conditions (40), (41).
- Smoking cessation
St. John’s Wort could attenuate nicotine withdrawal signs in mice. The plant was also used as a natural antidepressant in mice. More studies in humans are needed (42). St. John’s Wort proves to be effective in larger controlled studies. It could represent a less expensive, more readily accessible, and well-tolerated agent to promote tobacco cessation (43). However, further studies are necessary to understand the possibility of St. John’s wort in the treatment of smoking cessation in humans.
- Helps create a hormonal balance
St. John’s Wort is a widely popular treatment for hormonal imbalances. Its chemical composition is especially shown to lower the hormonal imbalances in a menopausal woman. It may reduce mood swings, the severity of the cramps, irritation, depression, and anxiety levels (44). However, further evidence is needed to confirm its effectiveness.
Other potential benefits of St. John’s Wort that lack any research include the following:
- Migraine headache
- Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
- Skin redness and irritation (plaque psoriasis)
- Tooth pulling
- Nerve pain
- Burning mouth syndrome
- Post-operative pain
Though more research is warranted, the plant does have some benefits. In the following section, we will look at the ideal dosage of the plant.
Dosage*
For Children and young adults (>18 years)
- For ADHD – 300 mg St. John’s Wort, three times daily for eight weeks (18)
- For depression – 150-1800 mg St. John’s Wort, three times daily for eight weeks (41)
For Adults
- For anxiety – 900 mg St. John’s Wort, twice daily for twelve weeks (45)
- For cancer – 05-0.50 mg per kg of hypericin, for two months (46)
- For mild to moderate depression – 20-1800 mg St. John’s Wort, three times for 4 to 52 weeks
- For severe depression – 900-1800 mg, once daily for 8 to 12 weeks (47)
- For obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – 450-1800 mg, once daily for 12 weeks (48)
- For premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – 300-900 mg daily for two menstrual cycles (49)
- For smoking cessation – 300 mg, once or twice daily for three months (50)
* These values are taken only from randomized clinical trials. They are for reference only. None of them have been proven to treat any particular ailment. Consult your doctor for more information.
Though St. John’s Wort is generally safe for consumption, it also may have some side effects. We will explore them in the following section.
What Are The Potential Side Effects Of St. John’s Wort?
The uncontrolled and unprescribed dosage of St. John’s Wort may cause several side effects. These include allergic reactions, sedation, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, skin reactions, dry mouth, tiredness/restlessness, and dizziness. The majority of these reactions were generally considered to be mild, moderate, or transient (51), (52), (53).
Some research has indicated that taking certain herbal supplements, including St. John’s Wort, may increase your risk of complications if you are put under anesthesia. You should not take St. John’s Wort at least two weeks before a scheduled surgery (54).
Photosensitivity reactions affecting the skin are other serious adverse reactions associated with St. John’s Wort. Recent data suggest that photosensitivity reactions are dose-related, with increased sensitivity associated with higher doses. Extracts of St. John’s Wort are used in the treatment of depression. They contain various substances with naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin as characteristic ingredients. These compounds may lead to phototoxicity in animals and humans (55), (56).
Also, St. John’s Wort may cause liver injury, tingling, and erectile or sexual dysfunction. However, limited research is available in this regard.
Possible Drug Interactions
St. John’s Wort may react with certain drugs. Generally, most herbs interact with prescribed drugs and have the potential to influence metabolic reactions (56), (57).
In a study, drug interactions with St. John’s Wort had affected the organ systems and the central nervous system. St. John’s Wort and fluoxetine have a similar profile, and this demonstrates that herbal preparations can result in adverse drug reactions that are similar to those of prescription medications (58). In another study, St. John’s Wort interacted with cyclosporin A metabolism. The drug is involved in the careful monitoring of blood levels in a patient after liver transplantation (59).
St. John’s Wort may interact with medicines such as warfarin, phenprocoumon, cyclosporine, oral contraceptives, theophylline, digoxin, indinavir, and lamivudine (60).
Also, it may interact with other drugs. These include:
- Antibiotics, antidepressant SSRIs, and Triptans
St. John’s Wort may interact with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This interaction may lead to agitation, nausea, confusion, and diarrhea (56).
- Oral contraceptives
St. John’s Wort may interact with oral contraceptives. This results in breakthrough bleeding among women who are taking birth control pills along with St. John’s Wort (56).
- Immunosuppressants and blood thinners such as warfarin
Warfarin may interact with St. John’s Wort, which can lead to severe adverse reactions that are sometimes life-threatening (61).
- Sedatives and medications used to treat generalized anxiety disorder; drugs used to treat cancer, heart conditions, and HIV/AIDS
From one study, patients with HIV experienced an increase in HIV RNA viral load following the use of St. John’s Wort (56).
- Over-the-counter medications (for sleep, cough, and cold)
St. John’s Wort also interacts with anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine, phenobarbitone and phenytoin, theophylline, cyclosporin, phenprocoumon, and digoxin. However, more long-term research is needed to further understand these drug interactions.
Conclusion
St. John’s Wort is an effective dietary supplement and medicinal herb for treating various nervous system related disorders. It is said to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties and helps to treat many ailments. It may help treat depression, control menopausal symptoms, help in wound healing, and treat anxiety disorders. However, excess and unprescribed usage of this herbal drug may lead to some adverse reactions. Hence, limit its usage and consult your health care provider in case of any medical emergencies.
Expert’s Answers for Readers Questions
How long does St. John’s Wort take to start working?
St. John’s Wort may take 3 to 6 weeks to show any effects. Do not stop taking it all at once, as you may otherwise experience side effects.
Should I take St. John’s Wort in the morning or night?
St. John’s Wort works best if taken twice a day. In the third and fourth weeks of your treatment, take 300 mg in the morning and 600 mg in the evening. In the fifth week, consider increasing the dose to 600 mg twice a day. Like all antidepressants, it can take four to six weeks before you feel any benefits. Consult your doctor for more information on the use and dosage.
Does St. John’s Wort make you gain weight?
No. St. John’s Wort has the potential to prevent obesity and abnormalities with lipid metabolism. It does not lead to weight gain.
Is St. John’s Wort bad for your heart?
St. John’s Wort is well known to help treat depression in heart patients, with less negative side effects on the heart than traditional antidepressants.
Can St. John’s Wort damage the liver?
La hierba de San Juan no se ha relacionado con una lesión hepática. Debido a sus muchas interacciones y efectos entre la hierba y los medicamentos, la hierba puede afectar la función hepática o causar alguna lesión hepática. Evite tomarlo junto con medicamentos para el hígado. Consulte a su médico.
¿Puedes beber alcohol con la hierba de San Juan?
Debe evitar o limitar el consumo de alcohol mientras esté en tratamiento con St. John's Wort. El alcohol puede aumentar los efectos secundarios de la hierba de San Juan asociados con el sistema nervioso, incluidos mareos, somnolencia y dificultad para concentrarse.
61 fuentes
Stylecraze tiene pautas de abastecimiento estrictas y se basa en estudios revisados por pares, instituciones de investigación académica y asociaciones médicas. Evitamos el uso de referencias terciarias. Puede obtener más información sobre cómo nos aseguramos de que nuestro contenido sea preciso y actualizado leyendo nuestra política editorial.-
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